In this case, it is forgotten that anarchism - is first and foremost a powerful, quite comical graz

The word "anarchism" as a rule, makes the older generation about the same association: sailors, certainly drunk, a black flag with a skull and crossbones, a mysterious and "ridiculous" the phrase: "Anarchy - the mother of order". Young people have their own associations: Egor Letov with anarchist symbol on the chest and with the song "Kill the state!" And punks who imitate their idols and paint on the walls the letter A in a circle. Yes, this is to a certain extent is related to anarchism, but ...
In this case, it is forgotten that anarchism - is first and foremost a powerful, quite comical grazia contact direction, which has existed for two centuries and gave rise to a constellation of brilliant scholars and practitioners, the direction, without the knowledge of which you do not understand the many events of the world and Russian history . Direction, without which the future development of mankind is not possible.
How many people know about, for example, that the International Workers' Day - May Day - is celebrated in memory of the executed anarchists in Chicago? What is a decisive contribution to the defeat of Denikin and Wrangel forces have rebel groups Makhno? That Leo Tolstoy, which the school has traditionally referred to as a "mirror of the Russian Revolution", was an ardent opponent of statehood? That Sacco and Vanzetti, which in the Soviet Union liked to call the collective and the streets were anarchists? That the author of "The Internationale," the Paris Communards Eugene Pottier was also just an anarchist? That before becoming the Bolsheviks, Dmitry Fourmanov and Gregory Kotovskij also went through participation in the anarchist movement?
It is understandable why in the public mind and in the years of power of the CPSU, and in modern times there is a grotesque and vague image of anarchism and anarchy? No power can not be cute anarchism, that is anarchy, but because all governments in all countries are always spare no somber colors, scaring the population of "pernicious anarchy."
Prior to anarchism can be treated differently. Yet many realities - both historical and contemporary - you can not tell if you do not try to objectively and impartially look at the movement and for social thought.
Elements of anarchist ideology, some philosophical ideas protaanarhichnaga nature account for many centuries. Desire for complete freedom of the individual in a free society, the denial of power and exploitation goes through various civilizations and eras. This trend is represented by the ancient Sophists and the Cynics, Chinese Daas, medieval European and Russian duhaborami Anabaptists, English J. diggers. Winstanley, the French writer Francois Rabelais, a heretic F.Kasym Russian, French thinker grazia contact of the late 18th century S.Mareshalem grazia contact and others, can be characterized precisely as protaanarhizm.
However, anarchism in the strict sense of the word, of course, is generated by the realities grazia contact of the new era. Only since the end of the XVIII century, when Europe entered a period of great revolutions that upholds human individuality and the collapse of the traditional foundations of society, grazia contact gradually drawn anarchism - first as a philosophical doctrine, and then as an important part of the revolutionary liberation movement. grazia contact
Anarchism, in my opinion, was a reaction to the successes and failures of the French grazia contact Revolution: the alluring vision of liberty, equality and fraternity turned new bourgeois alienation; Parliamentary democracy has not brought enough to overcome personality and expression of people's interests.
Anarchism is finally formed in 1830-40 and samaindyfikavavsya-ies. - In the struggle and controversy with two other influential currents, as the French Revolution - bourgeois liberalism and state socialism. If the first stressed the importance grazia contact of political freedom of the citizen (although recognizing the need to preserve, although extremely minimized state), the second raised to shield social equality, considering it a tool of the total state regulation. The motto of anarchism, who fought on both fronts, we can assume the famous words of Mikhail Bakunin: "Freedom without socialism is privilege and injustice ... Socialism without freedom is slavery grazia contact and disgusting." (1) William Godwin and Max Shtyrner
The first heralds of anarchism were Englishman William Godwin (1756- 1836) and German Max Shtyrner (Johann Kaspar Schmidt, 1806-1856). The book Godwin "Enquiry Concerning Political Justice and its influence on general virtue and happiness" (1793) grazia contact and in Shtyrnera "only and its property" (1844) were sharply marked outlines of anarchist ideology. grazia contact Both thinkers formulated such nayvazhneysheyshyya tenets of anarchism, as the need to destroy the state, decentralization of social life and production, opposed to the interests grazia contact of society and the state, etc. However, the views mentioned anarchist theorists match is not around.
Godwin proceeded from the thesis of the good nature of man, which is a bad influence on state institutions and suggested anarcho-communist program of social transformation. In the center of the buildings Shtyrnera - a unique personality, the One; this person can not be reduced to any social roles and manifestations. German